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循环经济政策能通过减少资源消耗浪费、实现资源循环再利用来提升企业环境绩效，但也可能会因此加剧规制成本压力或受困于技术复杂性而挫败企业治污积极性。为此，本文利用中国工业企业数据库、工业企业污染排放数据和投入产出数据，通过构建双重差分模型识别循环经济试点政策对企业污染排放的影响，以分析其到底是企业污染治理中的“助推器”还是“绊脚石”。研究发现：循环经济试点政策实施后，实验组的污染物排放量相比于对照组显著降低，说明循环经济试点政策显著提高了企业环境绩效。这一结论在采用替换被解释变量、删除同期政策干扰、控制行业时间趋势、随机抽取实验组的安慰剂等一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。进一步地，循环经济政策实施有利于促进企业节能降耗、加强末端处理和提升技术开发能力，进而推动企业环境绩效提升。异质性检验发现，循环经济政策的作用在非资源型城市的企业、超大型城市的企业以及上游服务业外资开放度高的行业的企业样本中更为突出。在“双碳”目标下，本文从循环经济的新视角拓展了环境规制政策效果评估的理论研究，并为助力实现绿色低碳循环发展、推进生态文明建设、擘画“美丽中国”蓝图提供了靶向发力的政策依据。
Abstract：Circular economy policy can improve the environmental performance of enterprises by reducing resource consumption and waste and realizing resource recycling, but it may also frustrate the enthusiasm of enterprises to control pollution by increasing the pressure of regulation cost or being trapped by technical complexity. Therefore, this paper uses China's industrial enterprise database, industrial enterprise pollution emission data and input-output data to identify the impact of circular economy pilot policies on corporate pollution emission by constructing a difference-in-differences model, so as to analyze whether it is a “booster” or a “stumbling block” in corporate pollution control. It is found that after the implementation of the circular economy pilot policy, the pollutant emissions of the experimental group are significantly lower than those of the control group, indicating that the circular economy pilot policy has significantly improved the environmental performance of enterprises. This conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests such as replacing the explained variable, deleting the contemporaneous policy interference, controlling the time trend of the industry, and randomly selecting the placebo in the experimental group. Furthermore, circular economy policies can promote enterprises' environmental performance by promoting energy saving and consumption reduction, strengthening end treatment and enhancing technology development capabilities. The heterogeneity test finds that the effect of circular economy policy is more prominent in the samples of enterprises in non-resource-based cities, enterprises in super-large cities and enterprises with higher openness level to foreign investment in the upstream service industry. Under the “dual carbon” goal, the conclusions of this paper expand the theoretical research on the effect evaluation of environmental regulation policies from the new perspective of circular economy, and provide targeted policy basis for helping to achieve green, circular and low-carbon development, promoting the construction of ecological civilization, and planning a “beautiful China” blueprint.
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(1)考虑到通知中仅将重庆市(三峡库区)作为试点区域,即仅对部分地区而非全市实行循环经济试点政策,因此在检验时将重庆市剔除。在此基础上,本文实证所采用的第一次循环经济试点地区共涉及50个城市。
(2)受到数据可得性等因素的影响,本文在实际回归时未能涵盖西藏自治区的企业样本。
(3)根据《全国资源型城市可持续发展规划(2013—2020)》和国家统计局关于地区的划分,本文将资源型城市(按地理行政区划)对应划入到东、中、西和东北地区。
(4)人口规模处于50万以下为小城市,处于50万到100万的为中等城市,处于100万到500万的为大城市,处于500万到1000万的为特大城市,超过1000万的为超大城市。由于后两者的数量并不多,因此本文将其归为一类,并将其界定为超大型城市(super),以与该通知中的“超大城市”区分开来。
(5)《国家酸雨和二氧化硫污染防治“十一五”规划》所指定的重点监测行业包括电力、化工、石化、钢铁、有色、医药、造纸、冶金、水泥和玻璃等行业。
(6)中国循环经济协会官网:https://www.chinacace.org/news/view?id=6420
基本信息:
DOI：10.16513/j.cnki.cje.2023.02.004
中图分类号:X322;F124.5;F425
引用信息:
[1]刘胜,温锡峰,陈秀英.循环经济政策与中国企业环境绩效：助推器抑或绊脚石？[J].经济学报,2023,10(02):175-210.DOI:10.16513/j.cnki.cje.2023.02.004.
基金信息:
广东省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“数字化赋能与制造业全球价值链攀升：理论逻辑与广东实践”（GD22YYJ16）; 广州市哲学社会科学发展“十四五”规划课题“广州建设现代服务业强市研究：基于数字化转型协同治理视角”（2022GZQN06）
2023-05-31
2023-05-31