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非认知能力作为新人力资本理论的核心,近年来得到了学界和政策制定部门的广泛关注。但已有研究主要关注非认知能力在劳动力市场中的作用,而忽视了消费领域。居民消费作为推动经济高质量发展的重要因素,值得进一步研究。本文基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)数据,通过标准的大五人格量表测量户主的非认知能力,实证分析户主的非认知能力对家庭消费的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,户主的非认知能力对家庭消费支出具有显著正向影响,这一结论在工具变量法等一系列稳健性检验之后仍然成立。其中,提高家庭人均收入、拓展社会网络以及提升社会信任是非认知能力促进家庭消费支出的作用机制。异质性分析发现,亲和性和开放性对家庭消费支出的影响更为重要;其次,非认知能力对基本生存型消费支出的影响更为显著;最后,非认知能力对非农户籍、男性户主家庭的消费支出影响更为明显。本文丰富了新人力资本理论的研究文献,为人力资本影响家庭消费提供了新的经验证据,同时也为中国扩大内需以推动经济高质量发展提供了有益的决策参考。
Abstract：Non-cognitive skills, as a core component of the new human capital theory, have received increasing attention from both academics and policymakers in recent years. However, existing studies have focused primarily on the role of non-cognitive skills in the labor market, while neglecting their implications for household consumption. As household consumption is an important driver of high-quality economic development, its relationship with non-cognitive skills warrants further investigation. Using data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS), this study measures household heads' noncognitive skills using the Big Five personality inventory and empirically examines their effects on household consumption and the underlying mechanisms. We find that household heads. non-cognitive skills have a significant positive effect on household consumption expenditure, and this finding remains robust to a series of robustness checks, including an instrumental variable approach. Mechanism analyses indicate that higher per capita household income, broader social networks, and greater social trust are important mechanisms through which non-cognitive skills promote household consumption. Heterogeneity analyses further show that agreeableness and openness play more important roles in promoting household consumption expenditure. Moreover, the effect of non-cognitive skills is more pronounced for basic subsistence consumption and among households with non-agricultural hukou or male household heads. This study enriches the literature on the new human capital theory by providing new evidence on the role of human capital in shaping household consumption. It also provides useful policy implications for expanding domestic demand and promoting high-quality economic development in China.
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(1)详情请参见人民网的报道,具体链接为:http://finance.people.com.cn/n1/2023/0219/c1004-32626643.html。
(2)详情请参见新华社的报道,具体链接为:https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2022-12/14/content_5732067.htm。
(1)附表1详见附录,附录可在中国知网增强出版中查看,后同。
(2)其中,非认知能力综合指标,参考王春超和张承莎(2019)等文献的惯用做法,进行了标准化处理,得到平均值为0,标准差为1的变量。
(1)我们并没有直接控制家庭人均收入变量,而是通过控制家庭净资产和房产价值来控制家庭经济状况。主要考虑到家庭人均收入是非认知能力影响家庭消费的作用机制,倘若进行控制,会带来“坏的控制变量”(Bad Control)问题,而家庭净资产和房产价值内生性干扰较小。
(1)本文参考李涛和张文韬(2015)、王春超和张承莎(2019)的做法,基于CFPS 2010年数据的相关问题构造非认知能力综合指标进行回归,发现结果仍然保持稳健。我们进一步检验了基于CFPS 2010年数据构造的量表与CFPS2018年正式量表之间的关系,二者具有明显的差异,这一定程度上体现了正式量表的优越性。
(1)本文参考Gong et al.(2015)的测度方法,从CFPS 2010年的数据中选取10个有关控制点的问题。其中,5个为外控型指标,另外5个为内控型指标。为了保证每个指标都表示内控型人格的方向,本文将外控型指标进行逆向编码。本文对10个问题的分数进行标准化处理,然后采用主成分分析法(PCA)分别计算外控型(逆向)和内控型指标的得分,最后加总平均得到综合控制点指标。
(1)其中的解释可能是,一方面,拥有亲和性人格的个体更为亲切、友善,消费活动中的友善意识是构成和谐人际关系的重要因素,亲和性人格更倾向于通过消费行为来表达其友善意识。另一方面,亲和性人格会更加宽容、愿意信任他人,对人性更为乐观,进而选择更多地参与金融市场,促使家庭消费支出多元化。同时,拥有开放性人格的个体更容易尝试不同事物,对新想法、新观念充满好奇,能够较好地适应不同市场环境,其开放包容的消费观念促使其积极体验不同种类的消费产品。对于其他人格特征来说,尽责性主要反映个体的勤奋、自律、条理,情绪稳定性主要体现个体应对负面情绪的能力,二者对家庭消费支出的影响并不明确。例如,高尽责性个体可能更加谨慎理财、重视储蓄,而情绪稳定者在消费支出上更理性克制,从而弱化了其在家庭消费支出中的促进作用。另一方面,在中国情境下,尽责性与情绪稳定性可能更多体现“节俭”“自我控制”等传统价值观的延续,对消费也有可能存在负面作用。而对于外向性人格来说,现有文献虽然发现其具有促进家庭消费支出的作用(Volland,2019),但是并没有在我们的研究中得到稳定的实证证据。
基本信息:
中图分类号:F126.1
引用信息:
[1]晏正伟,操植,韦倩.非认知能力对居民消费的影响[J].经济学报().
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“城乡融合与新发展格局战略联动的内在机理与实现路径研究”(项目编号:21&ZD085);国家社会科学基金重大项目“合作行为的演化博弈研究”(项目编号:20&ZD057); 中央财经大学第四期科教融汇研究生学术新星孵化计划“方言与城市间贸易:基于文化和制度双重视角的解释”(项目编号:2024110)的资助
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2026-09-14