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完善劳动力市场制度对微观企业行为具有重要影响,通过强化劳动司法保障提升产业链长度与韧性,是推动中国式现代化的重要制度手段之一。本文通过构建区县层级劳动司法保障强度与企业价值链长度指标,基于2002—2016年中国上市公司与中国海关相关数据,探讨了劳动司法保障强化对企业价值链长度的影响。研究发现:第一,强化地区劳动司法保障显著推动了企业价值链长度的延伸,表现出“延链”效应;第二,机制分析表明,劳动司法保障主要通过人力资本积累、资本品进口替代与缓解融资约束等途径延伸企业价值链长度,并且这种作用力在企业价值链上下游之间表现出显著的非对称性影响;第三,异质性检验表明,上述劳动司法保障强化的“延链”效应在非国有性质或高管认知较高的企业、在竞争激烈或研发密集度较高的行业以及在制度环境或教育资源禀赋更好的地区,表现得更加明显;第四,进一步研究表明,地区劳动要素集聚能够放大劳动司法保障对企业价值链长度的积极作用。此外,从产业链视角来看,劳动司法保障的强化不仅具有“延链”效应,还具有“补链”作用,最终表现为中国产业链附加值创造能力的提升。本文为理解企业参与全球价值链分工提供了新的视角,同时也为构建中国现代化产业链体系提供了一定政策启示。
Abstract：Improving labor market institutions exerts a profound influence on micro-level firm behavior. Strengthening labor judicial protection can extend firms' value chains and enhance industrialchain resilience, thereby supporting Chinese modernization. This study constructs county-level indicators of labor judicial protection intensity and firm-level measures of value chain length. Using matched data of Chinese listed firms and customs transactions from 2002 to 2016, we examine the impact of labor judicial protection on firm value chain length. The results reveal several key findings. First, stronger local labor judicial protection significantly extends firms. value chain length, demonstrating a clear “chain-extension” effect. Second, mechanism analysis shows that labor judicial protection extends value chain length primarily through channels such as human capital accumulation, capital goods import substitution, and the alleviation of financing constraints. Moreover, its influence exhibits significant asymmetry between upstream and downstream segments of the value chain. Third, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the “chain-extension” effect of labor judicial protection is more pronounced in non-state-owned firms, in firms with higher managerial cognition, in industries characterized by intense competition or high R&D intensity, and in regions with more favorable institutional environments or richer educational resources. Fourth, further evidence suggests that regional labor factor agglomeration amplifies the positive effect of labor judicial protection on firms' value chain length. In addition, from the perspective of industrial chains, labor judicial protection not only fosters “chain extension” but also contributes to “chain supplementation,” ultimately enhancing the value-added creation capacity of China's industrial chains. This study provides a new perspective for understanding firms' participation in global value chain division of labor and offers policy insights into building a modernized industrial chain system in China.
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(1)本文中“产业链”与“价值链”两个供应链相关概念虽然存在紧密联系,但二者的理论内涵与研究侧重点并不相同。其中,“产业链”则更强调上下游产业之间的生产联系、配套关系及供应体系的完整性与韧性,而“价值链”更侧重生产环节的纵向分工与价值增值过程。
(1)限于篇幅,本文核心解释变量劳动司法保障强度指标的具体构造逻辑与计算公式,详见本文附录5,附录可在中国知网增强出版中查看,后同。
(1)详见https://wenshu.court.gov.cn/。
(2)劳动保护相关司法案件主要涉及民事案件、行政案件以及刑事案件,并包括少数执行、管辖、强制清算与破产、国家赔偿与司法救助等案件中与劳动保护相关的部分。本文结合相关法律法规对劳动保护相关的司法案件的选取类型进行划分,详见本文附录2。
(1)全国劳动保护相关的地方规范性文件数据搜集自北大法宝数据库,基于《中华人民共和国劳动法》《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》等劳动保护相关法律法规与关键词检索得到。地方规范性文件通常是各地方行政部门为确保劳动保护相关法律法规与国家政策得到有效执行落实而出台,形式包括通知、公告、决定、意见等等,例如:《天津市人力资源和社会保障局关于印发天津市贯彻落实<劳动合同法>若干问题实施细则的通知》(津人社规字[2023]7号)、《海南省人力资源和社会保障厅等十部门关于做好涉外劳动争议处理工作的意见》(琼人社发[2022]122号)。
(1)限于篇幅,本文稳健性检验部分的具体变量构造、模型设定与估计结果等未在正文展开汇报,详见本文附录6。
基本信息:
中图分类号:D922.5;F279.2
引用信息:
[1]马皓巍,冯帆,李博文.劳动司法保障与企业价值链长度——来自裁判文书的经验证据[J].经济学报().
基金信息:
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“长三角一体化、双循环互动与民营经济高质量发展”（项目批准号22JJD790072）的资助
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