陈基平,罗楚亮,张丹丹

• 1:首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院
• 2:北京大学国家发展研究院、中国经济研究中心

摘要(Abstract)：

本文在估计生产函数的基础上，考察我国制造业劳动力市场势力的变动趋势和影响因素。以企业工资折价衡量劳动力市场势力，我国制造业劳动力市场势力在2008到2016年呈小幅下降趋势。分行业和所有制类型看，劳动力市场势力存在较大差异，且变化趋势有所不同；分区域看，不同城市间的劳动力市场势力存在收敛现象。截至2016年，我国制造业劳动力市场的工资折价为1.98,这意味着劳动者每生产1元收益，得到将近0.5元的回报。从影响因素看，产品市场势力会显著降低企业的劳动力市场势力，企业规模、资本劳动比和生产率会显著提高企业的劳动力市场势力。劳动力市场势力会通过减少就业和降低工资的方式，导致企业劳动收入份额下降。

关键词(KeyWords)： 劳动力市场势力;工资折价;价格加成;生产函数方法;制造业

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金青年项目“行业垄断与国民收入分配失衡:微观机制和改善路径研究”(批准号:72403175);; 国家社科基金项目“以高质量充分就业促进共同富裕的路径与策略研究”(批准号:23VRC010);; 北京市教育委员会科研计划项目资助(批准号:SM202410038007)的资助

作者(Author): 陈基平,罗楚亮,张丹丹

参考文献(References)：

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• (1)随着服务业日渐成为经济结构中的主体产业,服务业劳动力市场势力也值得引起关注,但为了提高估计准确性,估计服务业的工资折价需要在已有的行业分类基础上,进一步细化行业分类。 (2)本文的基准估计与Yeh et al.(2022)一致,使用超越对数生产函数估计(Translog Function),该函数不要求要素弹性不随时间变化,是更具一般性的企业生产函数。 (3)附图1使用相关数据讨论了人口和企业流动与工资折价的关系。 (4)Firpo et al(2009)的回归分解方法还可以分析分位点、方差以及基尼系数等不均等指标的差异。 (5)反事实分布函数一定程度上解决了Oaxaca分解方法中的参照组选择问题(罗楚亮,2018)。