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在市场化转型过程中,基于血缘关系的宗族网络能够嵌入式地发挥作用,弥补正式制度发育不足的缺陷。本文以2001年中国“入世”后外部市场开放为冲击事件,比较了“入世”前后冲击暴露程度不同的制造业行业在宗族密度不同地区之间的增长差异。估计结果显示,“入世”之后,相对于低宗族密度地区,受益于外部市场开放的行业在宗族密度较高地区增长更快,且这种促进作用是通过改善所在地区的契约环境和缓解外部融资约束实现的。本文研究有助于理解传统文化的市场嵌入和中国制度型开放的逻辑内涵。
Abstract：In the process of market-oriented transition,the kinship-based clan network embeds itself in the market opportunity so as to compensate for the deficiencies in the formal institution.This paper takes as an external market opening shock after China' s accession to the WTO in 2001.It compares the growth rate of manufacturing industries with different exposure to the shock in regions with varying clan densities.The triple differences estimation reveals that,relative to regions with lower clan densities,industries benefiting more from external market opening witness faster post-WTO growth in regions with higher clan densities,which is achieved through improving the contractual environment and alleviating external financing constraints in the respective regions.This study helps elucidate the market embedding of traditional culture and the logical connotation of China' s institutional opening-up.
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(1)科大卫认为,家庙和宗族作为资产管理机构,承担了商业组织的职能,其中的祭祀规则则明确了参与管理和分享宗族资产的成员范围,这一规则在某种程度上类似于股份制度。
(2)科大卫,2009:《皇帝与祖宗:华南的国家与宗族》.卜永坚译.南京:江苏人民出版社。
(3)郑振满,2020:《明清福建家族组织与社会变迁(增订版)》.北京:北京师范大学出版社。
(4)例如宗族在大饥荒期间发挥了救灾作用,宗族强盛的县死亡率上升明显较少(Cao et al.,2022)。现代市场经济中,宗族则能够保护私营企业成员摆脱地方政府的“攫取之手”(Zhang,2020)。
(1)以2000年为例,如果中国失去最惠国地位,则出口商须面临的平均关税水平为31%,而平均最惠国关税仅为4%(Handley and Lim?o,2017)。
(1)行业编码的对应关系来自世界银行WITS数据库。
(2)因篇幅所限,本文省略了贸易政策不确定性测算结果,感兴趣的读者可在《经济学报》知网增强出版中下载附录1。
(3)基于相同的原因,本文参考Liu and Trefler(2011)、Lu and Yu(2015)等的做法,后文将以2001年的进口关税作为控制变量纳入模型,此处一并说明。
(1)来源于国家统计局的第五次人口普查统计数据,后文也使用不同年份的人口规模进行稳健分析。
(2)即Clan_c=In[1+(genealogies_c2000_c)]。
(1)以2001年为基期,采用工业品出厂价格指数(PPI)进行价格平减,具体过程为:先对企业层面的工业增加值进行价格平减,再加总至行业层面。该指标数据来源于国家统计局。
(1)《中国家谱总目》中,1950年之前完成编撰的族谱占比约为77%,这意味23%的族谱是在新中国成立之后完成的,其中新中国成立后的30年间族谱编撰活动几近停滞,而改革开放后编撰的族谱占比高达21%。
(1)现有研究亦支持正式制度的发展会抑制宗族的作用(Zhang,2020;吴小康和于津平,2022)。
(2)中国军事史编写组,2003:《中国历代战争年表(下)》.北京:中国人民解放军出版社。
(1)Nunn(2007)研究发现,契约制度是跨国比较优势的重要来源:司法质量较高的国家在契约密集度较高的行业上具有出口比较优势,其对跨国出口差异的解释力甚至超过了传统文献强调的物质资本和人力资本加总。
(1)R_k表示行业k的投入品中既不在交易所交易、也不以公开市场价格进行交易的产品占比,这一衡量产品制度属性的指标来源于Rauch(1999)。此类产品几乎没有其他潜在买家,卖方面临很大的“敲竹杠”的风险,因而对契约的依赖程度很高。因篇幅所限,本文省略了行业契约密集度测算结果,感兴趣的读者可在《经济学报》知网增强出版中下载附录2。
(1)因篇幅所限,本文省略了行业外部融资依赖度测算结果,感兴趣的读者可下载在线附录3。
基本信息:
中图分类号:F124;K820.9;G122
引用信息:
[1]黄玖立,潘文彬.宗族网络、市场嵌入与产业增长[J].经济学报,2026(02):112-129.
基金信息:
研究阐释党的二十届三中全会精神国家社科基金重大专项“完善高水平对外开放体制机制综合研究”(项目批准号:24ZDA058)的资助
2026-07-29
2026-07-29
2026-07-29