张思涵,郭四维,曲兆鹏,张明昂

• 1:北京信息科技大学经济管理学院
• 2:清华大学经济管理学院
• 3:南京大学商学院
• 4:中央财经大学财政税务学院

摘要(Abstract)：

本文利用中国各区县之间最低工资水平调整时间和幅度的差异，构建了一个广义双差分模型，对最低工资政策能否提升劳动者健康问题进行了系统的经验分析。研究结果表明，最低工资政策显著提高了劳动者的健康水平。进一步根据收入分组分析发现，该政策提高了低收入者的健康水平，对中高收入者的健康没有影响。对该效应的机制分析表明：增加劳动者被正式雇佣的机会、增加收入水平、增加健康投资、改善健康行为是这一效应得以实现的主要途径；相反，由于最低工资提高，劳动者增加工作时间，对健康状况产生负面影响的机制并不显著。本文的结论深化了对于最低工资政策影响的认识，为更科学全面评估我国的最低工资政策提供了新的参考。

关键词(KeyWords)： 最低工资政策;劳动者健康;广义双重差分模型;区县数据

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目（72203247）的资助

作者(Author): 张思涵,郭四维,曲兆鹏,张明昂

DOI: 10.16513/j.cnki.cje.20220411.001

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• (1)进一步考虑到本文定义的“低工资劳动者”的范围比该文定义的更大,即包含了更多不受最低工资影响的劳动者,所以在其他条件相同的情况下,我们的估计结果应该比该文小。综上可以认为:使用省级最低工资数据可能会显著低估最低工资对健康的效果。
• (2)2009年除外。由于金融危机的影响,我国绝大多数地区2009年的最低工资水平相比2008年没有发生变化。
• (3)在2011年之前,CHNS样本涵盖辽宁、山东、黑龙江、江苏、湖北、湖南、河南、贵州、广西9个省份。北京、上海、重庆从2011年起加入调查,陕西、云南、浙江从2015年起加入调查。
• (4)之所以选用滞后一年是因为调查年当年的最低工资标准发生的变化可能没有充足时间将其影响施加到个体劳动者的健康水平上,所以多数研究都是采用滞后一年的最低工资标准,比如周广肃(2017)、Dautovi■ al.(2019)、Geng et al.(2022)等。
• (5)由于个体受访编码以地区编码开头,并且不随时间变化,因此个体固定效应λi已经包含了区县固定效应λc,控制个体固定效应相比于仅仅控制区县固定效应在因果识别上更为准确。
• (6)关于Generalized DID的讨论与应用,见Draca et al.(2011)、■ et al.(2017)、Horn et al.(2017)、Callaway and Sant'Anna(2021)等研究。相比之下,经典的DID是利用受处理状态在横截面和时间两个维度的不连续(即0到1)变化(即定义分别代表处理组和受处理时间的两个虚拟变量)。
• (7)当然,这种分组方式可能使得部分不会受到最低工资政策影响的劳动者被划分进实验组,但这并不会影响到本文的主要结论,针对低收入劳动者的回归结果可以理解为其所受影响的下界(lower bound)。
• (8)由于最低工资对中高收入劳动者的健康没有影响,在后文的分析中,我们均聚焦于低收入劳动者。
• (9)我们将现在有工作但不从事农渔猎、自营且不是家庭主妇身份定义为从事雇佣工作。我们依据个体首次出现在样本中时是否从事雇佣工作进行分组。
• (10)将劳动者在每一期是否从事雇佣工作作为被解释变量。如果劳动者从事雇佣工作,则被解释变量取值为“1”,如果劳动者不从事雇佣工作,则取值为“0”。