公共数据开放与稳就业：来自公共数据平台开通的证据Public Data Opening and Employment Stabilization——Evidence from the Opening of Public Data Platforms
陈凯旋,张树山,石玉堂
摘要(Abstract)：
稳就业是政府现阶段经济工作重中之重。文章将政府开通公共数据开放平台视为准自然实验情景，以2010—2021年A股非金融类上市公司为研究样本，考察了公共数据开放对企业劳动力雇佣的影响。研究发现：公共数据开放显著提升了企业劳动力雇佣能力，且该影响效应具有长期持续性。机制检验证实，公共数据开放提升企业劳动力雇佣能力的核心逻辑在于规模扩张效应。具体表现为：公共数据开放为企业提供了市场变化数据，使得企业敢于增加实体投资，从而实现企业生产规模扩张；公共数据开放彰显了地方拥有更为优越的透明度和更强治理效力，促进新企业进入，从而实现劳动市场需求扩张。异质性分析发现，公共数据开放的稳就业效应在市场分割程度较高地区、高成长性企业和数字行业中表现更为明显。进一步分析发现，公共数据开放对就业结构也存在显著影响。公共数据开放使得产业就业结构变动以第三产业就业增加、第一产业就业减少为主，技能结构变动以生产型员工占比增加、服务型员工占比下降为主要趋势。本文量化评估了数据要素开放的稳就业效应，为推进稳就业工作提供了经验借鉴。
关键词(KeyWords)： 公共数据开放;稳就业;双重差分;规模扩张
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金项目“物流产业智慧化绩效生成机理与智慧物流体系构建对策研究”(18BJY180)的资助
作者(Author): 陈凯旋,张树山,石玉堂
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