数字金融发展、企业研发投入与创新——基于上市公司样本的实证研究Digital Finance Development, Enterprise R&D Investment and Innovation——An Empirical Study based on the Sample of Listed Companies
余官胜
摘要(Abstract):
随着信息技术发展和互联网普及,数字金融已成为我国信贷资金的重要来源和经济发展的重要推力,本文以此为背景研究数字金融发展对企业研发创新的影响。本文匹配北京大学数字金融研究中心城市层面数字金融发展指标与国泰安上市公司数据库,开展实证研究发现数字金融发展能通过增加企业研发投入促进创新,该结论也通过了工具变量回归和多维度稳健性检验的有效验证。本文也发现数字金融发展影响企业研发投入的内部传导机制为增加营业利润和流动资产,外部传递机制为增大城市科技支出和人力资本规模。此外,本文进一步研究发现企业较低的经营效率和较高的资金周转速度会削弱数字金融发展产生的研发创新正向效应强度。本文的研究在总体上从企业研发创新角度为数字金融长期经济发展提供了有效佐证。
关键词(KeyWords): 数字金融;研发投入;创新;上市公司
基金项目(Foundation): 福建省社会科学基金重点项目“中国从对外直接投资大国向强国转型的推动因素与政策研究”(FJ2022A021)的资助
作者(Author): 余官胜
参考文献(References):
- 车德欣,吴传清,任晓怡,等.2020.财政科技支出如何影响企业技术创新?——异质性特征、宏微观机制与政府激励结构破解[J].中国软科学,(3):171-182.Che D X,Wu C Q,Ren X Y,et al.2020.How does fiscal technology expenditure affect enterprise technology innovation?—Heterogeneity,macro-micro mechanism and government incentive structure[J].China Soft Science,(3):171-182.(in Chinese)
- 陈春华,曹伟,曹雅楠,等.2021.数字金融发展与企业“脱虚向实”[J].财经研究,47(9):78-92.Chen C H,Cao W,Cao Y N,et al.2021.The development of digital finance and firms' transformation from virtual to real[J].Journal of Finance and Economics,47(9):78-92.(in Chinese)
- 陈中飞,江康奇.2021.数字金融发展与企业全要素生产率[J].经济学动态,(10):82-99.Chen Z F,Jiang K Q.2021.Development of digital finance and firms' total factor productivity[J].Economic Perspectives,(10):82-99.(in Chinese)
- 戴静,刘芳,刘贯春,等.2020.城市商业银行扩张与企业创新[J].世界经济文汇,(6):37-51.Dai J,Liu F,Liu G C,et al.2020.Expansion of city commercial banks and corporate innovation[J].World Economic Papers,(6):37-51.(in Chinese)
- 丁晓蔚.2021.从互联网金融到数字金融:发展态势、特征与理念[J].南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学版),58(6):28-44.Ding X W.2021.From internet finance to digital finance:Development trends,technical characteristics and design concepts[J].Journal of Nanjing University (Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences),58(6):28-44.(in Chinese)
- 杜善重.2022.数字金融的公司治理效应——基于非家族股东治理视角[J].财贸经济,43(2):68-82.Du S Z.2022.Digital finance's effect on corporate governance:A perspective from non-family shareholder governance[J].Finance & Trade Economics,43(2):68-82.(in Chinese)
- 高洁,汪宏华.2020.教育经费投入对科研创新影响的实证研究[J].科研管理,41(7):248-257.Gao J,Wang H H.2020.An empirical study on the impact of educational investment on scientific research innovation[J].Science Research Management,41(7):248-257.(in Chinese)
- 郭峰,王靖一,王芳,等.2020.测度中国数字普惠金融发展:指数编制与空间特征[J].经济学(季刊),19(4):1401-1418.Guo F,Wang J Y,Wang F,et al.2020.Measuring China's digital financial inclusion:Index compilation and spatial characteristics[J].China Economic Quarterly,19(4):1401-1418.(in Chinese)
- 郭峰,熊云军.2021.中国数字普惠金融的测度及其影响研究:一个文献综述[J].金融评论,13(6):12-23.Guo F,Xiong Y J.2021.Measurement and impact of digital financial inclusion in China:A literature review[J].Chinese Review of Financial Studies,13(6):12-23.(in Chinese)
- 海本禄,杨君笑,尹西明,等.2021.外源融资如何影响企业技术创新——基于融资约束和技术密集度视角[J].中国软科学,(3):183-192.Hai B L,Yang J X,Yin X M,et al.2021.Heterogeneous impact of external financing on firm technological innovation:Research based on the perspective of financial constraints and technology intensity[J].China Soft Science,(3):183-192.(in Chinese)
- 金祥义,张文菲.2021.数字金融与企业跨国并购:事实考察与机理分析[J].经济科学,(6):56-72.Jin X Y,Zhang W F.2021.Digital finance and firm's cross-board mergers and acquisitions:Factual investigation and mechanism analysis[J].Economic Science,(6):56-72.(in Chinese)
- 郎香香,张朦朦,王佳宁.2021.数字普惠金融、融资约束与中小企业创新——基于新三板企业数据的研究[J].南方金融,(11):13-25.Lang X X,Zhang M M,Wang J N.2021.Digital inclusive finance,financing constraints and SME innovations:A study based on the new third board listed companies[J].South China Finance,(11):13-25.(in Chinese)
- 李后建,刘思亚.2015.银行信贷、所有权性质与企业创新[J].科学学研究,33(7):1089-1099.Li H J,Liu S Y.2015.Bank credits,ownership nature and firm innovation[J].Studies in Science of Science,33(7):1089-1099.(in Chinese)
- 李健,江金鸥,陈传明.2020.包容性视角下数字普惠金融与企业创新的关系:基于中国A股上市企业的证据[J].管理科学,33(6):16-29.Li J,Jiang J O,Chen C M.2020.Relationship between digital financial inclusion and corporate innovation from the perspective of inclusion:Evidence based on Chinese A-share listed companies[J].Journal of Management Science,33(6):16-29.(in Chinese)
- 李晓龙,冉光和,郑威.2017.金融要素扭曲如何影响企业创新投资——基于融资约束的视角[J].国际金融研究,(12):25-35.Li X L,Ran G H,Zheng W.2017.How does financial factor distortion affect enterprise innovation investment?—Analysis from the perspective of financing constraints[J].Studies of International Finance,(12):25-35.(in Chinese)
- 李宇坤,任海云,祝丹枫.2021.数字金融、股权质押与企业创新投入[J].科研管理,42(8):102-110.Li Y K,Ren H Y,Zhu D F.2021.Digital finance,share pledge and innovation investment of firms[J].Science Research Management,42(8):102-110.(in Chinese)
- 梁榜,张建华.2019.数字普惠金融发展能激励创新吗?——来自中国城市和中小企业的证据[J].当代经济科学,41(5):74-86.Liang B,Zhang J H.2019.Can the development of digital inclusive finance stimulate innovation?—Evidence from Chinese cities and SMEs[J].Modern Economic Science,41(5):74-86.(in Chinese)
- 梁晓琴.2020.数字普惠金融对地方税收影响的实证研究[J].审计与经济研究,35(5):96-104.Liang X Q.2020.An empirical study on the effects of digital financial inclusion on local tax[J].Audit & Economy Research,35(5):96-104.(in Chinese)
- 刘灿雷,高超.2021.教育、人力资本与创新——基于“量”与“质”的双重考察[J].财贸经济,42(5):110-126.Liu C L,Gao C.2021.Education,human capital and innovation:An empirical survey based on patent quantity and quality in China[J].Finance & Trade Economics,42(5):110-126.(in Chinese)
- 罗长远,季心宇.2015.融资约束下的企业出口和研发:“鱼”与“熊掌”不可得兼?[J].金融研究,(9):140-158.Luo C Y,Ji X Y.2015.Do financial constraints result in a trade-off between export and R&D?Evidence from firm-level data in China[J].Journal of Financial Research,(9):140-158.(in Chinese)
- 吕江林,叶金生,张斓弘.2021.数字普惠金融与实体经济协同发展的地区差异及效应研究[J].当代财经,(9):53-65.Lü J L,Ye J S,Zhang L H.2021.Research on the regional differences and effects of the coordinated development of the digital inclusive finance and the real economy[J].Contemporary Finance & Economics,(9):53-65.(in Chinese)
- 马嘉楠,翟海燕,董静.2018.财政科技补贴及其类别对企业研发投入影响的实证研究[J].财政研究,(2):77-87.Ma J N,Zhai H Y,Dong J.2018.Influence of public subsidy and its categories on firms' R&D input[J].Public Finance Research,(2):77-87.(in Chinese)
- 毛丰付,张帆.2021.中国地区数字经济的演变:1994—2018[J].数量经济技术经济研究,38(7):3-25.Mao F F,Zhang F.2021.The evolution of regional digital economy in China:1994—2018[J].The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics,38(7):3-25.(in Chinese)
- 聂秀华,江萍,郑晓佳,等.2021.数字金融与区域技术创新水平研究[J].金融研究,(3):132-150.Nie X H,Jiang P,Zheng X J,et al.2021.Research on digital finance and regional technology innovation[J].Journal of Financial Research,(3):132-150.(in Chinese)
- 钱海章,陶云清,曹松威,等.2020.中国数字金融发展与经济增长的理论与实证[J].数量经济技术经济研究,37(6):26-46.Qian H Z,Tao Y Q,Cao S W,et al.2020.Theoretical and empirical analysis on the development of digital finance and economic growth in China[J].The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics,37(6):26-46.(in Chinese)
- 卿陶.2021.人力资本投入与企业创新——来自中国微观企业数据的证据[J].人口与经济,(3):108-127.Qing T.2021.Human capital investment and enterprise innovation:Evidence from China's micro enterprise data[J].Population & Economics,(3):108-127.(in Chinese)
- 任太增,殷志高.2022.数字普惠金融与中国经济的包容性增长:理论分析和经验证据[J].管理学刊,35(1):23-35.Ren T Z,Yin Z G.2022.Digital financial inclusion and inclusive growth of Chinese economy:Theoretical analysis and empirical evidence[J].Journal of Management,35(1):23-35.(in Chinese)
- 任晓怡.2020.数字普惠金融发展能否缓解企业融资约束[J].现代经济探讨,(10):65-75.Ren X Y.2020.Can the development of digital inclusive finance ease the financing constraints of enterprises[J].Modern Economic Research,(10):65-75.(in Chinese)
- 沈红波,寇宏,张川.2010.金融发展、融资约束与企业投资的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,(6):55-64.Shen H B,Kou H,Zhang C.2010.An empirical study of financial development,financing constraints and corporate investment[J].China Industrial Economics,(6):55-64.(in Chinese)
- 孙继国,胡金焱,杨璐.2020.发展普惠金融能促进中小企业创新吗?——基于双重差分模型的实证检验[J].财经问题研究,(10):47-54.Sun J G,Hu J Y,Yang L.2020.Can inclusive finance promote enterprise innovation?Empirical test based on differences-in-differences model[J].Research on Financial and Economic Issues,(10):47-54.(in Chinese)
- 唐松,伍旭川,祝佳.2020.数字金融与企业技术创新——结构特征、机制识别与金融监管下的效应差异[J].管理世界,36(5):52-66.Tang S,Wu X C,Zhu J.2020.Digital finance and enterprise technology innovation:Structural feature,mechanism identification and effect difference under financial supervision[J].Journal of Management World,36(5):52-66.(in Chinese)
- 同小歌,冉茂盛,李万利.2022.金融错配与企业创新——基于政策扭曲与金融摩擦研究[J].科研管理,43(7):69-76.Tong X G,Ran M S,Li W L.2022.Financial misallocation and enterprise innovation:Research on policy distortion and financial frictions[J].Science Research Management,43(7):69-76.(in Chinese)
- 万佳彧,周勤,肖义.2020.数字金融、融资约束与企业创新[J].经济评论,(1):71-83.Wan J Y,Zhou Q,Xiao Y.2020.Digital finance,financial constraint and enterprise innovation[J].Economic Review,(1):71-83.(in Chinese)
- 王勋,黄益平,苟琴,等.2022.数字技术如何改变金融机构:中国经验与国际启示[J].国际经济评论,(1):70-85.Wang X,Huang Y P,Guo Q,et al.2022.How digital technologies change financial institutions:China's practice and international implications[J].International Economic Review,(1):70-85.(in Chinese)
- 汪雯羽,贝多广.2022.数字普惠金融、政府干预与县域经济增长——基于门限面板回归的实证分析[J].经济理论与经济管理,42(2):41-53.Wang W Y,Bei D G.2022.Digital inclusive finance,government intervention and county economic growth—An empirical analysis based on threshold panel regression[J].Economic Theory and Business Management,42(2):41-53.(in Chinese)
- 卫舒羽,肖鹏.2021.税收优惠、财政补贴与企业研发投入——基于沪深A股上市公司的实证分析[J].税务研究,(5):40-46.Wei S Y,Xiao P.2021.Tax preference,fiscal subsidy and enterprise R&D investment—An empirical analysis based on Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies[J].Taxation Research,(5):40-46.(in Chinese)
- 解维敏,吴浩,冯彦杰.2021.数字金融是否缓解了民营企业融资约束?[J].系统工程理论与实践,41(12):3129-3146.Xie W M,Wu H,Feng Y J.2021.Can digital financial technology relieve the financing constraints of private enterprises?[J].Systems Engineering-Theory and Practice,41(12):3129-3146.(in Chinese)
- 谢绚丽,沈艳,张皓星,等.2018.数字金融能促进创业吗?——来自中国的证据[J].经济学(季刊),17(4):1557-1580.Xie X L,Shen Y,Zhang H X,et al.2018.Can digital finance promote entrepreneurship?—Evidence from China[J].China Economic Quarterly,17(4):1557-1580.(in Chinese)
- 谢雪燕,朱晓阳.2021.数字金融与中小企业技术创新——来自新三板企业的证据[J].国际金融研究,(1):87-96.Xie X Y,Zhu X Y.2021.Digital finance and SME's technological innovation—Evidence from NEEQ companies[J].Studies of International Finance,(1):87-96.(in Chinese)
- 徐飞.2019.银行信贷与企业创新困境[J].中国工业经济,(1):119-136.Xu F.2019.Research on bank credit and enterprise innovation dilemma[J].China Industrial Economics,(1):119-136.(in Chinese)
- 翟光宇,王瑶.2022.金融发展、两类代理成本与企业研发投入——基于2009—2018年A股上市公司的实证分析[J].国际金融研究,(3):87-96.Zhai G Y,Wang Y.2022.Research on financial development,two types of agency costs and firms' R&D investment—Evidence from the listed companies in the A-share market from 2009 to 2018[J].Studies of International Finance,(3):87-96.(in Chinese)
- 张海洋,韩晓.2021.数字金融的减贫效应研究——基于贫困脆弱性视角[J].金融评论,13(6):57-77.Zhang H Y,Han X.2021.Sustainable poverty reduction effect of digital finance:A perspective of household poverty vulnerability[J].Chinese Review of Financial Studies,13(6):57-77.(in Chinese)
- 张军,金煜.2005.中国的金融深化和生产率关系的再检测:1987—2001[J].经济研究,(11):34-45.Zhang J,Jin Y.2005.Analysis on relationship of deepening financial intermediation and economic growth in China[J].Economic Research Journal,(11):34-45.(in Chinese)
- 张伟俊,袁凯彬,李万利.2021.商业银行网点扩张如何影响企业创新:理论与经验证据[J].世界经济,44(6):204-228.Zhang W J,Yuan K B,Li W L.2021.How does commercial bank branch expansion affect firm innovation?Theory and empirical evidence[J].The Journal of World Economy,44(6):204-228.(in Chinese)
- 张勋,万广华,张佳佳,等.2019.数字经济、普惠金融与包容性增长[J].经济研究,54(8):71-86.Zhang X,Wan G H,Zhang J J,et al.2019.Digital economy,financial inclusion,and inclusive growth[J].Economic Research Journal,54(8):71-86.(in Chinese)
- 张勋,杨桐,汪晨,等.2020.数字金融发展与居民消费增长:理论与中国实践[J].管理世界,36(11):48-62.Zhang X,Yang T,Wang C,et al.2020.Digital finance and household consumption:Theory and evidence from China[J].Journal of Management World,36(11):48-62.(in Chinese)
- 张勋,万广华,吴海涛.2021.缩小数字鸿沟:中国特色数字金融发展[J].中国社会科学,(8):35-51.Zhang X,Wan G H,Wu H T.2021.Narrowing the digital divide:The development of digital finance with Chinese characteristics[J].Social Sciences in China,(8):35-51.(in Chinese)
- 赵晓鸽,钟世虎,郭晓欣.2021.数字普惠金融发展、金融错配缓解与企业创新[J].科研管理,42(4):158-169.Zhao X G,Zhong S H,Guo X X.2021.Digital inclusive finance development,financial mismatch mitigation and enterprise innovations[J].Science Research Management,42(4):158-169.(in Chinese)
- 郑万腾,赵红岩,范宏.2021.数字金融发展对区域创新的激励效应研究[J].科研管理,42(4):138-146.Zheng W T,Zhao H Y,Fan H.2021.A research on the incentive effect of digital finance development on regional innovation[J].Science Research Management,42(4):138-146.(in Chinese)
- 钟凯,梁鹏,王秀丽,等.2022.数字普惠金融有助于抑制实体经济“脱实向虚”吗?——基于实体企业金融资产配置的分析[J].国际金融研究,(2):13-21.Zhong K,Liang P,Wang X L,et al.2022.Will digital financial inclusion restrain the trend of “Shifting from Real Economy to Virtual Economy”?—Evidence from the financial asset allocation of enterprises[J].Studies of International Finance,(2):13-21.(in Chinese)
- 庄毓敏,储青青,马勇.2020.金融发展、企业创新与经济增长[J].金融研究,(4):11-30.Zhuang Y M,Chu Q Q,Ma Y.2020.Financial development,firm innovation,and economic growth[J].Journal of Financial Research,(4):11-30.(in Chinese)
- Aghion P,Bloom N,Blundell R,et al.2005.Competition and innovation:An inverted-U relationship[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,120(2):701-728.
- Allen F,Qian J,Qian M J.2005.Law,finance,and economic growth in China[J].Journal of Financial Economics,77(1):57-116.
- Brown J R,Fazzari S M,Petersen B C.2009.Financing innovation and growth:Cash flow,external equity,and the 1990s R&D boom[J].The Journal of Finance,64(1):151-185.
- Chen Y L,Liu M,Su J.2013.Greasing the wheels of bank lending:Evidence from private firms in China[J].Journal of Banking & Finance,37(7):2533-2545.
- Chen Z,Poncet S,Xiong R X.2020.Local financial development and constraints on domestic private-firm exports:Evidence from city commercial banks in China[J].Journal of Comparative Economics,48(1):56-75.
- Francis B,Hasan I,Huang Y,et al.2012.Do banks value innovation?Evidence from US firms[J].Financial Management,41(1):159-185.
- Gomber P,Koch J A,Siering M.2017.Digital finance and fin-tech:Current research and future research directions[J].Journal of Business Economics,87(5):537-580.
- Hsu P H,Tian X,Xu Y.2014.Financial development and innovation:Cross-country evidence[J].Journal of Financial Economics,112(1):116-135.
- Kaplan S N,Zingales L.1997.Do investment-cash flow sensitivities provide useful measures of financing constraints?[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,112(1):169-215.
- Kapoor A.2014.Financial inclusion and the future of the Indian economy[J].Futures,56:35-42.
- Kodan A S,Chhikara K S.2013.A theoretical and quantitative analysis of financial inclusion and economic growth[J].Management and Labour Studies,38(1/2):103-133.
- Levine R.2005.Finance and growth:Theory and evidence[M]//Aghion P,Durlauf S N.Handbook of Economic Growth.North-Holland:Elsevier,865-934.
- McKinnon R I.1973.Money and capital in economic development[M].Washington,D.C.:Brookings Institution.