炫耀型消费与流动人口：来自汽车按揭贷款的证据Conspicuous Consumption and Migrants:Evidence from Auto Mortgage Loan
孔东民,刘宸昊,朱玲
摘要(Abstract)：
1899年，凡勃仑在《有闲阶级论》中首次用炫耀型消费刻画经济个体的行为。虽然这一理论对人类消费行为提供了直觉上的解释力，但囿于数据，相关的经验研究依然较少。本文利用上海某大型汽车公司提供的汽车按揭交易微观数据，实证检验了流动人口身份对炫耀型消费的影响。我们发现，流动人口的炫耀型消费支出显著高于本地居民，平均而言流动人口比本地居民的汽车消费支出高2.3%。利用参考人群平均收入与炫耀型消费行为的理论关系，本文验证了炫耀型消费的信号作用，即用来显性展示个人收入和资产等财富信息的社会地位的寻求机制。进一步的福利分析发现，炫耀型消费显著增加了流动人口的信贷负担，流动人口购置车辆的信贷负担的平均净现值比本地居民高2533.28元。此外，汽车市场的炫耀型消费还增加了高油耗车辆的购买，从而导致流动人口购置车型的百公里油耗增加，相当于每辆车寿命期间内二氧化碳排放量增加1.226吨。整体上，本文的发现对于理解流动人口消费行为、减少个人金融风险以及促进绿色消费具有明晰的现实含义。
关键词(KeyWords)： 炫耀型消费;流动人口;地位寻求;汽车按揭贷
基金项目(Foundation): 2021年国家社科基金重大课题“创新驱动发展战略下全面塑造发展新优势的路径研究”(21ZDA010)的资助
作者(Author): 孔东民,刘宸昊,朱玲
DOI: 10.16513/j.cnki.cje.20221024.006
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- (1)现有文献探索了流动人口与本地居民在劳动力市场和享受公共物品等方面的差异,例如流动人口与本地居民劳动报酬的差异(Démurger et al.,2009;万海远和李实,2013;章莉等,2014);流动人口身份对创新创业的影响(宁光杰和段乐乐,2017);流动人口身份对教育和医疗等公共服务享有的影响(Song,2014)。
- (2)世界银行数据https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS
- (3)汽车之家网(https://www.autohome.com.cn/)
- (4)凯利蓝皮书是有一家有70年历史的汽车报刊出版社,凯利蓝皮书中的奢侈品车包含以下品牌:讴歌、阿斯顿马丁、奥迪、宾利、宝马、凯迪拉克、英菲尼迪、兰博基尼、路虎、雷克萨斯、林肯、莲花、玛莎拉蒂、迈巴赫、奔驰、保时捷、劳斯莱斯、特斯拉和沃尔沃。
- (5)我们的基准回归也在一定程度上缓解了这一效应。我们在基准回归中加入了车型的固定效应,那些由于远行需求较大而选择SUV或MPV而非轿车的消费者并不会影响我们的结果的解释。
- (6)《机动车强制报废标准规定》http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/b/d/201301/20130100003957.shtml
- (7)Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Typical Passenger Vehicle https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/greenhouse-gas-emissions-typical-passenger-vehicle