对外直接投资影响上市公司股价和绩效吗?——基于上市公司匹配数据的实证研究Outward Direct Investment and Corporate Stock Prices: An Empirical Study Based on Corporate and Project Differences
梁兆殷,徐嫄,马弘
摘要(Abstract):
“高水平走出去”是我国在新发展格局下的重要发展战略。然而企业对外直接投资在微观层面对企业有何具体影响?本文选取2006年至2019年中国企业对外投资以及A股和港股上市公司股价数据,实证检验了对外直接投资(ODI)如何影响企业股价及经营绩效。我们发现:第一,短期内ODI会带来积极的股价反应,港股市场反应幅度和持续性均更强,但对经营绩效没有显著影响;第二,企业所有权属性差异对股价反应有显著影响;第三,投资目的国地理位置、收入水平差异对股价反应有显著影响;第四,投资项目行业差异、项目行业与企业主营业务差异显著影响股价反应;第五,2017年国家对外投资政策对股价反应具有显著影响,“一带一路”倡议则未表现出显著影响。最后,两地股票市场对于不同特征的企业对外投资反应存在较大差异。
关键词(KeyWords): 对外直接投资;股价;经营绩效;企业特征;项目差异
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目71973079和71673160;; 清华大学经济管理学院研究基金项目的资助
作者(Author): 梁兆殷,徐嫄,马弘
DOI: 10.16513/j.cnki.cje.20220214.001
参考文献(References):
- 陈泽,侯俊东,肖人彬.2012.我国企业海外并购价值创造决定因素实证研究[J].中国科技论坛,(12):62-68.Chen Z,Hou J D,Xiao R B.2012.Research on determinants of value creation of the cross-border M&As for Chinese enterprises[J].Forum on Science and Technology in China,(12):62-68.(in Chinese)
- 冯根福,吴林江.2001.我国上市公司并购绩效的实证研究[J].经济研究,(1):54-61,68.Feng G F,Wu L J.2001.An empirical analysis of the merger performance of Chinese listed companies[J].Economic Research Journal,(1):54-61,68.(in Chinese)
- 高越,李荣林.2008.异质性、分割生产与国际贸易[J].经济学(季刊),8(1):159-178.Gao Y,Li R L.2008.Heterogeneities,fragmentation and international trade[J].China Economic Quarterly,8(1):159-178.(in Chinese)
- 顾露露,R R.2011.中国企业海外并购失败了吗?[J].经济研究,46(7):116-129.Gu L L,Robert R.2011.Do Chinese acquirers fail in overseas M&As?[J].Economic Research Journal,46(7):116-129.(in Chinese)
- 胡章宏,王晓坤.2008.中国上市公司A股和H股价差的实证研究[J].经济研究,43(4):119-131.Hu Z H,Wang X K.2008.The empirical study on Chinese A-H share premium[J].Economic Research Journal,43(4):119-131.(in Chinese)
- 蒋冠宏,蒋殿春.2014.中国工业企业对外直接投资与企业生产率进步[J].世界经济,37(9):53-76.Jiang G H,Jiang D C.2014.Outward direct investment of Chinese industry firms and the increase of productivity[J].The Journal of World Economy,37(9):53-76.(in Chinese)
- 蒋冠宏.2015.企业异质性和对外直接投资——基于中国企业的检验证据[J].金融研究,(12):81-96.Jiang G H.2015.Outward direct investment and Chinese firm's heterogeneity:Evidence from the Chinese firms[J].Journal of Financial Research,(12):81-96.(in Chinese)
- 刘晓光,杨连星.2016.双边政治关系、东道国制度环境与对外直接投资[J].金融研究,(12):17-31.Liu X G,Yang L X.2016.Bilateral political relation,host country institutional environment and outward foreign direct investment[J].Journal of Financial Research,(12):17-31.(in Chinese)
- 吕越,陆毅,吴嵩博,等.2019.“一带一路”倡议的对外投资促进效应——基于2005—2016年中国企业绿地投资的双重差分检验[J].经济研究,54(9):187-202.Lyu Y,Lu Y,Wu S B,et al.2019.The effect of the belt and road initiative on firms' OFDI:Evidence from China's Greenfield Investment[J].Economic Research Journal,54(9):187-202.(in Chinese)
- 田巍,余淼杰.2012.企业生产率和企业“走出去”对外直接投资:基于企业层面数据的实证研究[J].经济学(季刊),11(2):383-408.Tian W,Yu M J.2012.Firm productivity and outbound foreign direct investment:A firm-level empirical investigation of China[J].China Economic Quarterly,11(2):383-408.(in Chinese)
- 王泽宇,刘刚,梁晗.2019.中国企业对外投资选择的多样性及其绩效评价[J].中国工业经济,(3):5-23.Wang Z Y,Liu G,Liang H.2019.Research on diversity choice of China's companies making outward foreign direct investment and its' performance[J].China Industrial Economics,(3):5-23.(in Chinese)
- 谢千里,罗斯基,张轶凡.2008.中国工业生产率的增长与收敛[J].经济学(季刊),(3):809-826.Jefferson G H J,Rawski T G,Zhang Y F.2008.Productivity growth and convergence across China's industrial economy[J].China Economic Quarterly,(3):809-826.(in Chinese)
- 徐寿福.2009.“双重上市”公司A、H股价格差异的因素研究[J].证券市场导报,(2):54-60.Xu S F.2009.The determinants of price difference between dual listed A-H shares[J].Securities Market Herald,(2):54-60.(in Chinese)
- 阎大颖.2009.国际经验、文化距离与中国企业海外并购的经营绩效[J].经济评论,(1):83-92.Yan D Y.2009.International experience,cultural distance and operational performance of Chinese enterprises' overseas mergers and acquisitions[J].Economic Review,(1):83-92.(in Chinese)
- 祝继高,王谊,陈琪仁.2021.“一带一路”倡议提出的股票市场反应——基于企业对外投资视角的研究[J].金融论坛,26(2):26-36.Zhu J G,Wang Y,Chen Q R.2021.The stock market reaction of the proposal of the Belt and Road initiative—A research from the perspective of firm OFDI[J].Finance Forum,26(2):26-36.(in Chinese)
- Agrawal A,Mandelker G N.1987.Managerial incentives and corporate investment and financing decisions[J].The Journal of Finance,42(4):823-837.
- Andrade G,Stafford E.2004.Investigating the economic role of mergers[J].Journal of Corporate Finance,10(1):1-36.
- Berger P G,Ofek E.1995.Diversification's effect on firm value[J].Journal of Financial Economics,37(1):39-65.
- Cai H B,Liu Q.2009.Competition and corporate tax avoidance:Evidence from Chinese industrial firms[J].The Economic Journal,119(537):764-795.
- Dunning J H.1977.Trade,location of economic activity and the MNE:A search for an eclectic approach[M]//Ohlin B,Hesselborn P O,Wijkman P M.The International Allocation of Economic Activity.London:Palgrave MacMillan,395-418.
- Franks J R,Harris R S.1986.The role of the mergers and monopolies commission in merger policy:Costs and alternatives[J].Oxford Review of Economic Policy,2(4):58-78.
- Healy P M,Palepu K G,Ruback R S.1992.Does corporate performance improve after mergers?[J].Journal of Financial Economics,31(2):135-175.
- Houston J F,James C M,Ryngaert M D.2001.Where do merger gains come from?Bank mergers from the perspective of insiders and outsiders[J].Journal of Financial Economics,60(2/3):285-331.
- Jensen M C,Ruback R S.1983.The market for corporate control:The scientific evidence[J].Journal of Financial Economics,11(1/4):5-50.
- Li X Y.2013.Productivity,restructuring,and the gains from takeovers[J].Journal of Financial Economics,109(1):250-271.
- (1)由于金融公司在会计准则和监管审批有特殊要求,因此金融公司不适合与一般的非金融公司进行对比研究。
- (2)平均股价SPit=log[(当月股价最高值it+当月股价最低值it)/2]。
- (3)中东欧国家名单请参考“中国—中东欧国家合作网”,http://www.china-ceec.org/chn/。
- (4)文章收入划分标准采用世界银行2018年国家收入划分标准。
- (5)“一带一路”沿线国家定义为“一带一路”65国具体参考中共中央对外联络部组织编著《“一带一路”沿线国家及重要政党概览》,具体“一带”“一路”划分按照地理区域划分;“一带”对外投资时间限定为2013年9月及以后,“一路”对外投资限定在2013年10月及以后。
- (6)本文A股行业分类采用中国证券监督管理委员会《2020年第一季度上市公司股票行业分类》作为标准。
- (7)港股行业分类采用恒生行业分类标准,各行业上市企业名单来源于Wind资讯。