政府行为的经济效应:一个多级政府的宏观分析框架The Economic Effects of Government Behavior: A Macroeconomic Theory of Multi-Layered Governance in China
许志伟,张哲玮,俞锦祥
摘要(Abstract):
构建中国转型经济的宏观经济理论,需要关注政府与市场的双重微观基础。首先本文提出了一个具有多级政府内生决策的宏观经济分析框架,其核心是央地策略互动和地方政府竞争。其次本文通过引入中央底线思维和地方目标考核,探讨自上而下的考核体系由单一目标转向多重目标的内在机制,以及考核目标内生转换的区域间溢出效应。该分析框架能够刻画宏观政策的内生选择和转换,以及政策在各层级政府与市场主体之间的传导路径,揭示政府行为如何影响宏观经济运行。最后,本文应用该理论分析了经济发展过程中的环保政策转变和地方政府债务改革两个现实案例,并探讨了在该理论中引入显性约束、经济不确定性以及动态一般均衡设定等多种潜在拓展。本文从政府行为决策的微观视角为理解中国宏观经济运行提供了一个严谨的理论分析框架。
关键词(KeyWords): 政府行为;央地关系;策略互动;内生波动
基金项目(Foundation): 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项“不确定性、宏观政策与中国经济韧性”(项目编号:2023JZDZ021)的资助
作者(Author): 许志伟,张哲玮,俞锦祥
参考文献(References):
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- (1)与产出竞争类似,函数w(·)的具体形式为 ■ 其中,0<κ■<κ■且w′(·)<0。具体地,当gi-g-i<0时,地方政府i获得正效用,反之则为负效用。假设地方政府存在损失厌恶动机,即κ■>κ■,投入水平领先一单位带来的边际损失为κ■,落后一单位带来的边际增益κ■,效用损失κ■大于效用增益κ■。因此,在针对投入水平的锦标赛下,地方政府会避免本地区的投入超过其他地区。 (2)2016年国家发展改革委、国家统计局、环境保护部(现生态环境部)、中央组织部制定了《绿色发展指标体系》和《生态文明建设考核目标体系》,并作为生态文明建设评价考核的依据。 (3)数据来源:2011年第35号全国地方政府性债务审计结果。 (4)Ⅳ级(一般)债务风险事件,是指出现下列情形之一的事件:(1) 单个市县政府本级偿还政府债务本息实质性违约,或因兑付政府债务本息导致无法保障必要的基本民生支出和政府有效运转支出;(2) 单个市县政府本级无法履行或有债务的法定代偿责任或必要救助责任,或因履行上述责任导致无法保障必要的基本民生支出和政府有效运转支出;(3) 因到期政府债务违约,或者因政府无法履行或有债务的法定代偿责任或必要救助责任,造成群体性事件;(4) 县级以上地方政府需要认定为Ⅳ级债务风险事件的其他情形。 (5)属于在本届任期内举借债务形成风险事件的,在终止应急措施之前,政府主要领导同志不得重用或提拔;属于已经离任的政府领导责任的,应当依纪依法追究其责任。