“中国综合症”问题再审视——基于中国贸易对他国就业影响文献的元分析The China Syndrome Revisited:A Meta-analysis of the Literature on How China's Trade Impacts Other Countries' Employment
林发勤,王蕊
摘要(Abstract):
在各种贸易谈判和关于贸易开放的争论中,就业问题一直是最为重要的议题之一。随着中国对外贸易的发展,中国贸易开放对他国就业影响的实证研究大量涌现,其中较为著名的是Autor et al.(2013)在AER发表的文章中提出的“中国综合症”,认为中国的出口显著降低了美国制造业部门的就业率。然而我们通过收集这一领域的大量文献并采用新型文献综述工具元分析方法对文献进行研究,发现现有文献对于中国贸易开放的他国就业效应究竟是正面还是负面是存在差异的。研究国别、研究行业、样本数据的观测年份、研究作者的学术国籍等都是导致研究结论相悖的重要因素。元分析主要结果显示:(1)中国的出口在对亚洲国家的就业有更为显著的促进作用的基础上,中国出口对美国和欧洲并没有显示更为显著的负效应;(2)只有当论文作者全为美国人的时候才得到更为显著的负面影响;(3)中国的出口在非制造业部门的研究中发现了显著的就业促进效应;(4)中国的中间品出口也显著提高了其他国家的就业。另外,在控制文献研究差异和发表偏倚现象后,结果仍然稳健。
关键词(KeyWords): 中国贸易开放;就业效应;元分析;国外劳动力市场
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目“贸易摩擦对金融风险的因果影响、内在机理和防范政策研究”(72073128);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目“全球背景下优化中国农业补贴促进农业食物系统转型”(72061147002);; 国家社会科学基金重点项目“一带一路农业对外投资风险防范对策研究”(项目号19AZD012);; 全国畜牧总站2022年度牧业经济研究基金课题“新发展格局下畜产品、饲料原料进出口贸易政策与供给安全研究”(MYJJ2022-2);; 嘉兴学院中国共同富裕研究院资助项目“美丽乡村建设与乡村振兴-基于农村软硬基础设施改善的机制和政策研究”(项目号ICCPR2021005)
作者(Author): 林发勤,王蕊
DOI: 10.16513/j.cnki.cje.20220408.001
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