数字政府如何提高政府效率——来自政务一体机的证据How Does Digital Government Promote Government Efficiency——Evidence from Automatic Government Service Machine
毕青苗,徐现祥
摘要(Abstract):
近年来,中国高度重视数字政府建设,其中一个典型做法就是引入政务一体机,为企业提供自动化、全流程的审批服务。本文以此为例,考察数字政府影响政府审批效率的机制及其绩效。在理论上,本文证明,当引入可提供集成审批的政务一体机时,企业可在政务一体机和人工窗口之间自由选择,这将提高审批市场的一般均衡效率,表现为政府提供审批服务的数量增加、企业与政府打交道的制度性交易成本降低。在实证上,采用我国24个省、110个地市实地调研数据,本文发现,引入政务一体机后,政府提供审批服务的数量显著增加13%,企业办理审批所需的时间显著降低11%。本文的实证结果是稳健的,且与理论预期一致,揭示了政务一体机可成为政府提高服务效率、下沉政务服务的重要抓手。
关键词(KeyWords): 数字政府;政府效率;政务一体机
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金重大项目“现代信息技术驱动的中国营商环境优化研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD071);; 深圳市建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区研究中心重大课题“深圳优化高质量发展营商环境研究”(项目编号:SFQZD2403);; 国家自然科学基金青年项目“商事制度改革与企业进入:绩效与机制”(项目批准号72003203)的资助
作者(Author): 毕青苗,徐现祥
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- (1)这一数据和案例来自东莞市市场监督管理局提供的相关支持。
- (2)这说明,每个人工窗口都是可以完成集成办理的,都是“一窗通办”的。对应于实证分析,采用的是大厅内能够提供集成审批的人工窗口数量,而不是所有进驻的人工窗口数量。
- (3)这一假定具有现实依据。比如,在广东东莞,根据东莞市场监管局的官方报道,在人工窗口完成企业开办需要耗时4天,在 “企业开办全流程智能服务一体机”完成开办需要0.5天。在北京,根据北京市通州区人民政府的官方报道,“智能政务终端”办理时长较综合窗口平均缩短近27分钟,办理量是人工窗口的1.8倍。在浙江,根据杭州网的报道,智慧政务自助一体机上最复杂业务只需10分钟即可办完。在西藏,根据《西藏日报》的报道,“企业智慧审批一体机”实现了企业开办随时办,不到10分钟便可以当场领取企业营业执照。因此,这些案例表明,现实中政务一体机办事成本普遍低于人工窗口,引入0<ρ≤1这一假定是有现实依据支撑的。
- (4)广东省政务服务数据管理局发布《关于向社会公开征求广东省“政务服务一体机”系列标准规范(试行)(征求意见稿)意见的通知》中指出,“政务服务一体机是指省电子政务主管部门统筹建设或租赁的,面向自然人、法人和其他组织提供多部门政务服务应用的自助服务终端机”,具有多部门、自动化、一站式审批功能特征,与本文的定义是一致的。
- (5)详细内容参见附录。
- (6)采用281个大厅样本进行估计,本文的核心发现依然稳健。