个体学习与新体验品的动态定价:连续统消费者的情形Dynamic Pricing on a New Experience Good in the Presence of Individual Learning:The Case of Continuum Consumers
翁翕,尹训东,许敏波
摘要(Abstract)：
本文研究当消费者数量为连续统时,垄断厂商对新体验品的动态定价问题。消费者通过个体学习(即亲身体验)来判断该产品是否适合自己,体验结果将影响消费者是否继续购买。我们证明垄断者的定价策略为,最初选择一个较低的价格并且不断降低价格吸引消费者,但最终会转向垄断高价。相对于社会福利最优的定价策略,厂商会选择过早地结束低体验价格。我们还对最优停止低价格的信念临界值作了比较静态分析。本文对新体验品的定价理论有重要贡献,并为政府选择合适的产业政策提供了理论依据。
关键词(KeyWords)： 动态定价;个体学习;体验品
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 翁翕,尹训东,许敏波
DOI: 10.16513/j.cnki.cje.2018.03.005
参考文献(References)：
- 龚六堂,李文健,翁翕.2016.政府如何激励创新?——基于委托代理理论的研究[Z].工作论文.
- Bergemann D,Hege U.2005.The financing of innovation:Learning and stopping[J].The RAND Journal of Economics,36(4):719-752.
- Bergemann D,V lim ki J.1996.Learning and strategic pricing[J].Econometrica,64(5):1125-1149.
- Bergemann D,V lim ki J.2000.Experimentation in markets[J].Review of Economic Studies,67(2):213-234.
- Bergemann D,V lim ki J.2006.Dynamic pricing of new experience goods[J].Journal of Political Economy,114(4):713-743.
- Bonatti A, H9rner J.2011.Collaborating[J].American Economic Review,101(2):632-663.
- Dixit A.1993.The art of smooth pasting[M].New York:Routledge.
- Duffie D,Sun Y N.2012.The exact law of large numbers for independent random matching[J].Journal of Economic Theory,147(3):1105-1139.
- Eeckhout J, Weng X.2015.Common value experimentation[J].Journal of Economic Theory,160:317-339.
- Guo Y N.2016.Dynamic delegation of experimentation[J].American Economic Review,106(8):1969-2008.
- Halac M,Kartik N,Liu Q M.2016.Optimal contracts for experimentation[J].The Review of Economic Studies,83(3):1040-1091.
- Halac M,Kartik N,Liu Q M.2017.Contests for experimentation[J].Journal of Political Economy,125(5):1523-1569.
- H9rner J,Samuelson L.2013.Incentives for experimenting agents[J].The RAND Journal of Economics,44(4):632-663.
- Keller G,Rady S,Cripps M.2005.Strategic experimentation with exponential bandits[J].Econometrica,73(1):39-68.
- Manso G.2011.Motivating innovation[J].The Journal of Finance,66(5):1823-1860.
- Peskir G,Shiryaev A N.2006.Optimal stopping and free-boundary problems[M].Basel:Birkh user.
- Sun Y N.2006.The exact law of large numbers via Fubini extension and characterization of insurable risks[J].Journal of Economic Theory,126(1):31-69.
- Weng X.2015a.Dynamic pricing in the presence of individual learning[J].Journal of Economic Theory,155:262-299.
- Weng X.2015b.Can learning cause shorter delays in reaching agreements?[J].Journal of Mathematical Economics,60:49-62.
- (1)以北京为例,2015年6月滴滴顺风车上线时,收费标准为起步10元,每公里1元。2015年9月,北京地区顺风车起步10元,每公里1.3元。2016年8月底,起步费调整为3公里之内12元,之后每公里1.5元。
- (1)零成本假设是为了简化分析采取的标准化处理。假设生产成本c>0与假设生产成本为零而无风险产品的流量回报为s′=s+c是等价的。
- (2)同时,也可以假设流量回报是随机变量,服从一个已知的分布,期望为s>0。
- (3)Duffie and Sun(2012)提供了一个关于连续统参与者的模型的严格分析。
- (1)在图2和图3的数值例子中的参数取值为r=0.1,g=1,s=0.5,λ=0.5.