数字化转型与企业就业需求及其结构性变化——基于“流程管理效率”和“人岗不匹配”视角Digital Transformation, Employment Demand and Structural Changes of Enterprises: Based on the Perspectives of “Process Management Efficiency” and “Mismatch Between Personnel and Positions”
黄送钦,张泽,周红星
摘要(Abstract)：
本文基于2020年中国私营企业调查数据(CPES)检验数字化转型对企业就业需求及其结构性变化的影响。研究发现，与社会普遍担忧不同，企业因数字化程度的提高其劳动力需求明显增加，在经过其他敏感性分析后，上述结论依然稳健；而且，企业规模越大、市场预期越乐观、地区营商环境越好，企业数字化转型的就业促进效应会越强；异质性分析还表明，数字化转型的就业促进效应在获得政府就业政策支持、宏观经济预期更为乐观和人力成本上涨较快的企业中更为明显。进一步分析发现，数字化转型的就业促进效应具有明显的“结构性”特征，即数字化转型促进了企业高素质人才比例的提升，而对低素质人员的“替代效应”存在“流量和存量”的非对称性特征；机制分析表明，数字化转型提高了企业流程管理效率，由此诱发企业内部专业人才不足的问题，加剧了企业“人岗不匹配”的问题，进而激励企业扩大对高素质人才的招揽比例。本文结论对支持企业数字化转型、人力资本结构升级具有一定的参考意义，也为促进我国新常态下高质量就业提供新的视角。
关键词(KeyWords)： 数字化转型;就业;管理效率;人岗不匹配
基金项目(Foundation): 安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目“数据要素市场化配置驱动安徽制造业转型升级的机制与路径研究”(AHSKQ2023D133)的资助
作者(Author): 黄送钦,张泽,周红星
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