政府数字公共品采购与企业主业绩效——兼论全国统一大市场建设Government Procurement of Digital Public Goods and Enterprise Main Business Performance: Further Discussion on the Unified National Market Construction
申明浩,刘奕岍,谭伟杰
摘要(Abstract)：
数字领域的政府采购能以可观的数字公共需求规模促进企业的数字化转型和跨区域经营，在提振企业主业绩效和建设全国统一大市场中发挥着重要作用。本文以2015—2021年中国沪深A股上市企业为研究样本，采用文本分析和机器学习方法，从近65万条常规政府采购文本信息中识别出政府数字公共品采购指标，考察其对企业主业绩效的影响效果和作用机理。实证结果表明，政府数字公共品采购通过“数字驱动”和“资源拓宽”效应显著提升企业主业绩效。异质性分析表明，这一效应在高金融化程度企业、非战略性新兴产业以及高数字金融发展水平地区更为显著。进一步分析表明，异地政府数字公共品采购能激励企业主营业务的跨区域经营，助力全国统一大市场建设。然而，政府数字公共品采购也会加剧中心城市和外围城市企业主业绩效表现方面的马太效应。从政策合力的角度来看，先数字采购后数字补贴的政策实施顺序能更好地改善企业主业绩效。本文从采购供应商视角验证了数字领域公共需求扩张对实体经济发展的积极作用，为政府采购在数字经济时代支持企业发展和推动市场整合提供了经验参考。
关键词(KeyWords)： 政府数字公共品采购;企业主业绩效;数字驱动效应;资源拓宽效应;全国统一大市场
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金重大项目“粤港澳大湾区数据要素跨境流动路径研究(21&ZD123)”的资助
作者(Author): 申明浩,刘奕岍,谭伟杰
参考文献(References)：
- 窦超,王乔菀,陈晓.2020.政府背景客户关系能否缓解民营企业融资约束?[J].财经研究,46(11):49-63,168.Dou C,Wang Q W,Chen X.2020.Can major government background customers alleviate the financing constraints of private enterprises?[J].Journal of Finance and Economics,46(11):49-63,168.(in Chinese) 杜勇,张欢,陈建英.2017.金融化对实体企业未来主业发展的影响:促进还是抑制[J].中国工业经济,(12):113-131.Du Y,Zhang H,Chen J Y.2017.The impact of financialization on future development of real enterprises'core business:Promotion or inhibition[J].China Industrial Economics,(12):113-131.(in Chinese) 贺俊.2022.新兴技术产业赶超中的政府作用:产业政策研究的新视角[J].中国社会科学,(11):105-124,206-207.He J.2022.The role of government in catching up and surpassing emerging technology industries:A new perspective on industrial policy research[J].Social Sciences in China,(11):105-124,206-207.(in Chinese) 邝玉珍,杨国超.2023.企业如何重返实体经济?——基于高铁通车的一个经验证据[J].数量经济技术经济研究,40(3):111-129.Kuang Y Z,Yang G C.2023.How can firms return to the real economy?An empirical evidence from the opening of high-speed rail[J].Journal of Quantitative&Technological Economics,40(3):111-129.(in Chinese) 李琦,刘力钢,邵剑兵.2021.数字化转型、供应链集成与企业绩效——企业家精神的调节效应[J].经济管理,43(10):5-23.Li Q,Liu L G,Shao J B.2021.The effects of digital transformation and supply chain integration on firm performance:The moderating role of entrepreneurship[J].Business and Management Journal,43(10):5-23.(in Chinese) 刘淑春,闫津臣,张思雪,等.2021.企业管理数字化变革能提升投入产出效率吗[J].管理世界,37(5):170-190.Liu S C,Yan J C,Zhang S X,et al.2021.Can corporate digital transformation promote input-output efficiency?[J].Journal of Management World,37(5):170-190.(in Chinese) 刘洋,董久钰,魏江.2020.数字创新管理:理论框架与未来研究[J].管理世界,36(7):198-217,219.Liu Y,Dong J Y,Wei J.2020.Digital innovation management:Theoretical framework and future research[J].Journal of Management World,36(7):198-217,219.(in Chinese) 刘志彪,孔令池.2021.从分割走向整合:推进国内统一大市场建设的阻力与对策[J].中国工业经济,(8):20-36.Liu Z B,Kong L C.2021.From segmentation to integration:The resistance and countermeasures to promote the construction of a unified domestic market[J].China Industrial Economics,(8):20-36.(in Chinese) 彭俞超,韩珣,李建军.2018.经济政策不确定性与企业金融化[J].中国工业经济,(1):137-155.Peng Y C,Han X,Li J J.2018.Economic policy uncertainty and corporate financialization[J].China Industrial Economics,(1):137-155.(in Chinese) 钱海章,陶云清,曹松威,等.2020.中国数字金融发展与经济增长的理论与实证[J].数量经济技术经济研究,37(6):26-46.Qian H Z,Tao Y Q,Cao S W,et al.2020.Theoretical and empirical analysis on the development of digital finance and economic growth in China[J].The Journal of Quantitative&Technical Economics,37(6):26-46.(in Chinese) 曲亮,章静,郝云宏.2014.独立董事如何提升企业绩效——立足四层委托-代理嵌入模型的机理解读[J].中国工业经济,(7):109-121.Qu L,Zhang J,Hao Y H.2014.How do independent directors improve corporate performance-An explanation based on the embedded four-levels principal-agent model[J].China Industrial Economics,(7):109-121.(in Chinese) 申志轩,祝树金,文茜,等.2024.政府数字采购与企业数字化转型[J].数量经济技术经济研究,41(5):71-91.Shen Z X,Zhu S J,Wen X,et al.2024.Government Digital Procurement and Enterprise Digital Transformation[J].Journal of Quantitative&Technological Economics,41(5):71-91.(in Chinese) 孙薇,叶初升.2023.政府采购何以牵动企业创新——兼论需求侧政策“拉力”与供给侧政策“推力”的协同[J].中国工业经济,(1):95-113.Sun W,Ye C S.2023.How does government procurement promote enterprise innovation——On the synergy between demand-pull and supply-push of innovation policies[J].China Industrial Economics,(1):95-113.(in Chinese) 陶锋,朱盼,邱楚芝,等.2023.数字技术创新对企业市场价值的影响研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,40(5):68-91.Tao F,Zhu P,Qiu C Z,et al.2023.The impact of digital technology innovation on enterprise market value[J].Journal of Quantitative&Technological Economics,40(5):68-91.(in Chinese) 王奇才.2022.元宇宙治理法治化的理论定位与基本框架[J].中国法学,(6):156-174.Wang Q C.2022.Theoretical orientation and basic framework of Metaverse governance under the rule of law[J].China Legal Science,(6):156-174.(in Chinese) 王宜峰,魏兴凯.2024.税收征管与企业金融化[J].经济学报,11(2):105-125.Wang Y F,Wei X K.2024.Tax collection and management and corporate financialization[J].China Journal of Economics,11(2):105-125.(in Chinese) 吴超鹏,唐菂.2016.知识产权保护执法力度、技术创新与企业绩效——来自中国上市公司的证据[J].经济研究,51(11):125-139.Wu C P,Tang D.2016.Intellectual property rights enforcement,corporate innovation and operating performance:Evidence from China's listed companies[J].Economic Research Journal,51(11):125-139.(in Chinese) 吴非,胡慧芷,林慧妍,等.2021.企业数字化转型与资本市场表现——来自股票流动性的经验证据[J].管理世界,37(7):130-144.Wu F,Hu H Z,Lin H Y,et al.2021.Enterprise digital transformation and capital market performance:Empirical evidence from stock liquidity[J].Journal of Management World,37(7):130-144.(in Chinese) 武威,刘玉廷.2020.政府采购与企业创新:保护效应和溢出效应[J].财经研究,46(5):17-36.Wu W,Liu Y T.2020.Government procurement and enterprise innovation:Protective effect and spillover effect[J].Journal of Finance and Economics,46(5):17-36.(in Chinese) 武威,刘国平.2021.政府采购与经济发展:转型效应与协同效应——基于产业结构升级视角[J].财政研究,(8):77-90.Wu W,Liu G P.2021.Government procurement and economic development:Transformation effect and synergy effect-From the perspective of industrial structure upgrading[J].Public Finance Research,(8):77-90.(in Chinese) 武威,刘国平,张琦.2022.授之以渔:政府采购与中国特色精准扶贫[J].世界经济,45(8):133-156.Wu W,Liu G P,Zhang Q.2022.Teaching fishing:Public procurement and targeted poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics[J].The Journal of World Economy,45(8):133-156.(in Chinese) 尹美群,盛磊,李文博.2018.高管激励、创新投入与公司绩效——基于内生性视角的分行业实证研究[J].南开管理评论,21(1):109-117.Yin M Q,Sheng L,Li W B.2018.Executive incentive,innovation input and corporate performance:An empirical study based on endogeneity and industry categories[J].Nankai Business Review,21(1):109-117.(in Chinese) 余泳泽,郭梦华,胡山.2020.社会失信环境与民营企业成长——来自城市失信人的经验证据[J].中国工业经济,(9):137-155.Yu Y Z,Guo M H,Hu S.2020.Social dishonest environment and private enterprise growth-Empirical evidence from urban dishonest people[J].China Industrial Economics,(9):137-155.(in Chinese) 张海亮,汤兆博,王海军.2018.短期阵痛积蓄了新动能吗?——“三去一降一补”对企业绩效的影响研究[J].经济与管理研究,39(11):78-91.Zhang H L,Tang Z B,Wang H J.2018.Pains gains energy?-The impact of economy policy on enterprise performance[J].Research on Economics and Management,39(11):78-91.(in Chinese) 张家才,余典范,严志敏.2024.政府数字采购能否促进企业数字化转型?——基于政府采购大数据和BERT模型的分析[J].财经论丛,(11):46-56.Zhang J C,Yu D F,Yan Z M.2024.Can government digital procurement promote enterprise digital transformation?Analysis based on government procurement contracts big data and BERT model[J].Collected Essays on Finance and Economics,(11):46-56.(in Chinese) 张沁琳,沈洪涛.2020.政府大客户能提高企业全要素生产率吗?[J].财经研究,46(11):34-48.Zhang Q L,Shen H T.2020.Can major government customers improve corporate total factor productivity?[J].Journal of Finance and Economics,46(11):34-48.(in Chinese) 张新民,王珏,祝继高.2012.市场地位、商业信用与企业经营性融资[J].会计研究,(8):58-65,97.Zhang X M,Wang J,Zhu J G.2012.Market power,trade credit and business financing[J].Accounting Research,(8):58-65,97.(in Chinese) 郑江淮,师磊.2023.本地化创新能力、区域创新高地与产业地理梯度演化路径[J].中国工业经济,(5):43-60.Zheng J H,Shi L.2023.Local innovation ability,regional innovation highland and gradient evolution of industrial geography[J].China Industrial Economics,(5):43-60.(in Chinese) Baldi S,Bottasso A,Conti M,et al.2016.To bid or not to bid:That is the question:Public procurement,project complexity and corruption[J].European Journal of Political Economy,43:89-106. Handa P,Linn S C.1993.Arbitrage pricing with estimation risk[J].Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,28(1):81-100. Li Y C,Georgiou L,Rigby J.2015.Public procurement for innovation elements in the Chinese new energy vehicles program[M]//Public Procurement for Innovation.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing,179-208. Obwegeser N,Müller S D.2018.Innovation and public procurement:Terminology,concepts,and applications[J].Technovation,74-75:1-17. Uyarra E,Edler J,Garcia-Estevez J,et al.2014.Barriers to innovation through public procurement:A supplier perspective[J].Technovation,34(10):631-645. Xue F,Zhao X K,Tan Y Q.2022.Digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises:an empirical study on the relationships between digital transformation,boundary spanning,and sustainable competitive advantage[J].Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society,2022(1):4104314.
- (1)国家互联网信息办公室:《数字中国发展报告(2022年)》。 (2)智研瞻发布报告:《中国政务云行业现状深度分析发展战略研究报告》。 (3)例如原先主要生产机房制冷设备的佳力图,就在逐渐积累数据中心建设经验后开始尝试将主营业务延伸至数据中心中游服务领域。