消费升级引领战略性新兴产业全球价值链攀升——理论逻辑与中国经验Consumption Upgrading Leads the Global Value Chain of Strategic Emerging Industries to Rise: Theoretical Logic and Chinese Experience
吴金龙,傅康生,白俊红,钱非非
摘要(Abstract):
在中国经济发展模式逐步由外需转向以内需为主的背景下,本文考察需求侧本土市场消费升级对战略性新兴产业全球价值链攀升的影响,对促进实现国内国外双循环、抢占科技领域高地具有重要意义。本文综合利用2000—2016年中国各省域经济发展数据、WIOD世界投入产出表、战略性新兴产业上市公司数据、中国海关进出口数据和中国专利数据,分别从产业和企业层面系统考察了本土市场消费升级对战略性新兴产业全球价值链攀升的内在机制和作用效果。研究发现,总体上,本土市场消费升级对中国战略性新兴产业全球价值链升级具有显著的促进作用,且这一作用主要通过市场规模效应和技术创新效应实现;在考虑内生性和住房消费挤出效应等问题后,这一结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,在战略性新兴产业中,本土市场消费升级的全球价值链升级效应呈现出明显的行业、区域和所有制类型异质性;国内和国外市场消费升级均是促进战略性新兴产业全球价值链升级的重要市场基础,但国内市场消费升级已然成为培育战略性新兴产业全球价值链升级更为重要的驱动力。本文研究表明,进一步提升内需的消费质量,对于促进形成国内国际双循环新发展格局,实现战略性新兴产业全球价值链升级具有重要意义。
关键词(KeyWords): 消费升级;全球价值链升级;战略性新兴产业
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金项目“国内消费升级驱动战略性新兴产业发展研究”(批准号:20BJY001);; 国家自然科学基金面上项目“研发要素流动对区域创新绩效的影响:基于空间资源配置的视角”(批准号:70874084);; 国家自然基金面上项目“服务业双重开放、供应链网络重构与制造业高质量发展:理论机制与实证检验”(批准号:72173062);; 国家社科基金“‘一带一路’倡议下我国企业集群式投资战略与全球价值链重构研究”(批准号:18BGL021);; 江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“消费升级、技术创新与战略性新兴产业全球价值链提升”(批准号:KYCX21_1216)的资助
作者(Author): 吴金龙,傅康生,白俊红,钱非非
DOI: 10.16513/j.cnki.cje.20221107.001
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- (1)中国国家发展改革委员会发布的《战略性新兴产业分类(2018)》指导目录,将中国战略性新兴产业划分为九大类,分别为:新一代信息技术产业、高端装备制造业、新材料产业、生物产业、新能源汽车产业、新能源产业、节能环保产业、数字创意产业和相关服务业等9大领域。由于服务型战略性新兴产业进出口数据缺失,因此本文剔除数字创意产业和相关服务业,保留其余七大战略性新兴产业。
- (2)参考任志成和张幸(2020)的做法,将企业营业收入视为国内销售额的近似值。
- (3)此外,吕越等(2015)和吕越等(2018)为进一步缩小测算误差还将企业中间投入额纳入企业海外附加值率的测算。由于本文数据样本缺乏企业中间投入额的数据,故采用文中三种方法进行测算。
- (4)审稿专家指出了全国整体消费升级指数和各省企业面临的全国消费升级指数的测算。非常感谢审稿老师的宝贵意见。
- (5)为充分考虑中国地域幅员辽阔的问题,两省(直辖市、自治区)之间的距离采用半正矢公式(haversine formula)进行计算,其根据地球半径计算地球上两点之间的球面距离。同时,地理经纬度坐标通过接入百度地图API得到,两两间的距离均采用Python基于半正矢公式计算得出。
- (6)关于产业层面的初始检验,非常感谢匿名审稿老师的宝贵意见。
- (7)根据第七次人口普查数据测算出的人均GDP,剔除排名前五的省份(自治区、市),分别是北京市、上海市、江苏省、福建省、天津市。
- (8)考虑到中国地域幅员辽阔,两省(自治区、市)之间的距离采用半正矢公式(haversine formula)进行计算,其根据地球半径计算地球上两点之间的球面距离。同时,地理经纬度坐标通过接入百度地图API得到,两两间的距离均采用Python基于半正矢公式计算得出。
- (9)关于工具变量的选取,非常感谢匿名审稿专家给予的宝贵意见。
- (10)关于中介效应变量企业技术创新水平变量的设定,非常感谢匿名审稿老师的宝贵意见。
- (11)此处参考中国工程院发布的《2020中国战略性新兴产业发展报告》对战略性新兴产业细分行业的划分标准,将本文涉及的七大战略性新兴产业具体划分为:网络经济产业(新一代信息技术产业)、生物经济产业(生物产业)、高端制造业(高端装备制造业和新材料产业)、绿色低碳产业(新能源汽车制造业、新能源产业和节能环保产业)四类。
- (12)按照《国家统计局》网站对中国东、中、西部分类标准,由于西藏地区数据缺失严重,因此,本文只涉及30个省份(自治区、直辖市)。具体划分如下:上海市、北京市、广东省、江苏省、浙江省、海南省、辽宁省、福建省、山东省、天津市、河北省这11个省份(直辖市)为东部地区;湖南省、湖北省、安徽省、吉林省、山西省、河南省、江西省、黑龙江省这8个省份为中部地区;陕西省、四川省、广西壮族自治区、云南省、新疆维吾尔自治区、甘肃省、青海省、贵州省、宁夏回族自治区、重庆市、内蒙古自治区这11个省份(自治区、直辖市)为西部地区。
- (13)战略性新兴产业是基于中国《国民经济行业分类》(GB/T 4754—2017)划分的。根据战略性新兴产业所属国民经济行业分类的4位码行业,本文研究的七大战略性新兴产业均属于制造业范畴。
- (14)根据张振翼等(2014)对A股上司公司战略性新兴产业公司性质的统计看,国有企业和民营企业占比超过70%,外资企业占比为2.9%,集体企业占比低于1%。本文数据筛选结果,与该结果高度吻合,进一步说明本文筛选样本的可靠性。
- (15)关于对国外市场消费升级与战略性新兴企业全球价值链升级效应的考察,非常感谢匿名审稿老师给予的宝贵意见。