互联网发展重塑制造业空间集聚的经济与环境效应研究——来自制造业微观层面的经验证据Research on the Economic and Environmental Effects of Internet Development on Remolding the Spatial Agglomeration of Manufacturing Industry——Empirical Evidence from Micro-geographic Data of Manufacturing Industry
甄俊杰,师博,王育宝
摘要(Abstract):
集群的规模优势是地区实体经济长期竞争优势的重要来源,互联网的便捷性、高效性使得企业似乎没有必要融入“空间集体”,如何平衡好区域集群优势与企业的“离群”倾向是新时期地区经济高质量发展的又一重要问题。本文基于互联网时代制造业空间集聚退化的特征事实,采用2013—2019年中国所有制造业企业的经纬度数据对地区制造业企业空间集聚进行重新测算,以231个地级市为研究样本,分析互联网发展对制造业空间集聚的重塑机制,并进一步的探究其引致的经济与环境效应。研究发现:(1)互联网发展对制造业空间集聚具有重塑效应,显著弱化了制造业空间集聚格局。(2)互联网重塑制造业空间集聚存在时间、空间以及行业层面的异质性特征。(3)互联网重塑制造业空间集聚总体上在促进城市全要素生产率提升的同时缓解了环境污染的加剧。本研究从数字经济背景下的空间集聚视角出发,为推动数字经济与实体经济的深度融合、实现区域长期均衡发展提供了政策启示。
关键词(KeyWords): 互联网发展;制造业空间集聚;集聚退化;全要素生产率;环境污染
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社科基金后期资助项目“中国经济高质量发展的机理与路径研究”(基金号:20FJLB026);; 教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“数字经济赋能西部城市经济高质量发展的机制与政策研究”(基金号:22JJD790065);; 新疆自治区中央引导地方科技发展专项“新疆高碳排放行业碳中和关键技术及工程应用”(基金号:ZYYD2022C16)的资助
作者(Author): 甄俊杰,师博,王育宝
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- (1)变异系数又称“标准差率”,是衡量资料中各观测值变异程度的统计量,可以反映单位均值上的离散程度。用公式表示为:CV=σ/μ,其中,σ表示样本离散程度,μ表示样本均值。
- (2)不可否认,我国各地级市历年政府工作报告存在少量缺失,人为填补会改变原始数据所反映的趋势特性。为最大程度避免数据缺失对于研究的干扰,本文剔出了数据缺失严重的地区,以保证最终确定的231个地级市政府工作报告数据完整、翔实。在此感谢匿名评审专家的建议。
- (3)样本切割的基本原理为:将待切割样本按照空间集聚大小由低到高排列,每次从空间集聚最低处切割掉1%分位数下的样本,使用剩余样本进行回归。为保证最后一次切割剩余样本依旧满足大样本假设,本文最后一次切割保留20%的样本容量。
- (4)在基于时间维度的划分中,为准确识别出互联网发展弱化制造业空间集聚存在异质性差异的时间节点,本文基于经典分类回归思路,从2010年开始以一年为时间间隔逐年迭代,最终识别出时间异质性差异出现在2013年。在此感谢匿名评审专家的建议。
- (5)在基于空间维度的划分中,本文根据国家统计局的分类将样本划分为东、中、西三个地区子样本,将北京市、福建省、广东省、海南省、河北省、江苏省、辽宁省、山东省、上海市、天津市及浙江省划分为东部地区;将安徽省、黑龙江省、河南省、湖北省、湖南省、江西省、吉林省及山西省划分为中部地区;将重庆市、甘肃省、广西壮族自治区、贵州省、内蒙古自治区、宁夏回族自治区、青海省、陕西省、四川省及云南省划分为西部地区。