非货币收益、工资差异和教育回报Non-monetary Benefits,Wage Differentials and Return to Education
尹志超,甘犁
摘要(Abstract)：
本文运用中国健康与营养调查数据(CHNS),在Mincer工资方程中引入住房和医疗非货币收益。为了避免住房、医疗等非货币收益和教育内生性对估计结果带来的偏误,本文用配偶的特征变量做工具变量,采用两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)估计后,我们发现在18岁到45岁的已婚男性样本中,非货币收益和工资收入之间存在显著的替代关系,住房福利可能使工资降低64.69%,医疗福利可能使工资降低14.06%。进一步,本文发现,考虑住房、医疗福利等非货币收益后,教育回报率显著上升。因此,非货币收益是理解工资差异和估计教育回报需要考虑的重要因素。
关键词(KeyWords)： 非货币收益;工资差异;教育回报
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目“流动性约束与中国家庭金融行为”(71373213);; 中组部“青年拔尖人才支持计划”;; 教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”;; 中央高校“基本科研业务经费专项资金”资助
作者(Author): 尹志超,甘犁
DOI: 10.16513/j.cnki.cje.2014.03.006
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- ①同其他文献一样,经验的计算方法为:经验=年龄—受教育年限—6。
- ①尹志超和甘犁(2009)基于CHNS数据的研究显示,2000年之前和之后公共部门和非公共部门的工资差异呈现逆转的趋势。
- ①CHNS数据调查问卷中第十五个问题是:你是如何得到你的住房的?答案有:1.国家的;2.单位的;3.租私人的;4.自己的;5.免费居住;6.部分产权。其中,第6个选项(部分产权)在CHNS数据库中从1997年开始收集。
- ⑦事实上,有一部分城镇居民享受了单位的住房福利,但是已经离开公有部门,转换到私有部门工作。尤其是在1998年的住房改革之后,这一群体在增加。对他们而言,其工资收入呈现不同的特征,所以我们将其排除在研究的范围之外。这也是我们把研究的时间段限定在2000年以前的重要原因。此外,在我们的样本中只有极个别非公有部门的职工享有住房和医疗的非货币收益,薪以我们也没有考虑他们的影响。