李思瑶,王亚,兰可凡

• 1:首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院
• 2:华南师范大学旅游管理学院
• 3:谢菲尔德大学管理学院

摘要(Abstract)：

在当前“数字中国”战略和“就业优先”战略背景下，以信息化为抓手优化劳动力资源配置已被学研界和政策部门寄予厚望。信息化发展带来了多元的就业岗位和工作方式的同时，给我国劳动力市场也带来了双重影响，包含负向的替代效应与正向的创造效应。本文利用2010—2020年中国省际面板数据，构建地区信息化发展指数，并实证检验了信息化发展对就业总量及结构的效应与作用机制，以及空间溢出效应和区域异质性。结果发现：(1)信息化发展有助于增加就业，且存在正向空间溢出效应。(2)信息化发展对就业结构存在偏向性，在替代与创造双重效应作用下，信息化发展带来了高技能劳动力就业的增加与低技能劳动力就业的减少。(3)信息化发展通过提升产出效率(深化效应)与扩大生产规模(广化效应)强化了对劳动力需求总量的促进作用，强化了对劳动力需求高技能-低技能结构的极化趋势。此外，信息化发展对于不同行业、不同特征地区存在异质性。以上研究结论可在政策层面以信息化发展为新引擎平衡中国劳动供需提供针对性理论与实践参考。

关键词(KeyWords)： 信息化发展;劳动力就业;机制分析

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目“数字原生代劳工移民社会距离的弥合机制与身份认同研究:以珠三角为例”(项目编号:42401271);; 华南师范大学青年教师科研培育基金项目(社会科学)“广东省县域促进人才高质量发展的形成机制与实现路径研究”(项目编号:23SK20)的资助

作者(Author): 李思瑶,王亚,兰可凡

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• (1)信息化、数字化与智能化。在此,需明确辨析信息化、数字化、智能化的联系与区别,三者并非完全独立,而是版本升级的关系。具体而言,信息化的核心和本质是运用计算机、数据库等信息技术,实现企业的业务数据化管理,以起到协助决策的作用;数字化则是通过云计算、大数据、人工智能等新技术将处理对象转换为数字信息,对传统产业及业务进行优化与创新,更加强调信息技术的赋能与共创作用;而智能化则是在新技术支持下,模拟人类的思维进行决策与执行,更加强调人工对人类的深度学习。