王博贤,李力行,聂卓

• 1:北京大学国家发展研究院
• 2:对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院

摘要(Abstract)：

职业的非货币特质，或称为职业的内在价值，是反映就业质量的重要因素，与个人福利水平密切相关。本文使用中国家庭追踪调查和中国综合社会调查数据，构建了从社会、体力、智力、自主控制和安全等五个层面衡量职业内在价值的指标，并发现父辈收入越高，子辈选择职业的内在价值越高。进一步分析显示，只有当父辈收入高于某一门槛值时，才会对子辈选择职业的内在价值水平产生显著的正向影响。这些发现表明，父辈除去通过影响子辈的收入和教育等显性特征并进而影响可用货币度量的福利外，还会影响子辈以舒适性、安全性、受尊重程度等职业内在价值为代表的非货币福利。因此，传统的收入代际流动系数可能会高估社会流动性，将职业的内在价值纳入代际传递的研究视野，对全面理解社会流动性问题有重要价值。

关键词(KeyWords)： 职业选择;内在价值;代际传递;就业质量

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家社科基金重点项目“数字经济发展、企业组织结构变革与劳动就业研究”（批准号22AJY002）的资助

作者(Author): 王博贤,李力行,聂卓

DOI: 10.16513/j.cnki.cje.2023.02.001

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• (1)ISCO—88是国际劳工组织1988年正式发布的国际职业分类标准,主要依据完成工作任务所需技能的相似程度对职业进行分类。详见https://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco88/major.htm。
• (2)如果根据ISCO—88前三位代码进行职业分类,会出现部分职业类型对应的样本过少,这会导致在计算职业内在价值及职业选择弹性时出现较大误差。
• (3)首先使用全部子辈样本,估计如下Probit模型:Ii=α0+αzzi+XiαX+εi。其中,若子辈i有收入信息,则Ii取1,否则取0。zi是子辈兄弟姐妹的个数。Xi为一系列关于教育、性别、年龄、户口、区域的协变量。通过对该式的估计,计算逆米尔斯比率λi,并使用有收入信息的全部样本,估计方程:lnyi=β0+XiβX+βλλi+δi,得到该式的各个系数。接着利用计算得到的系数为每一个子辈计算收入的估计值。在计算子辈收入后,使用同样的方法估计父辈收入。详见(Fan et al.,2021)。
• (4)本文关注职业的内在价值,需要尽量排除个人的收入、教育等因素的影响,这与基于收入水平和受教育水平构建的国际社会经济地位指标(ISEI)有显著区别。
• (5)问题为,您对目前工作的整体有多满意?选项为1～5的量表,非常不满意-非常满意。
• (6)CFPS问卷中询问,您现在主要工作的机构属于以下哪一类?本文将政府部门/党政机关/人民团体/军队、国有/集体事业单位/院/科研院所、国有企业/国有控股企业定义为国有部门,其余机构定义为非国有部门。